

But historically, such indirect deaths were also a major cause of military fatalities.

This is particularly true where conflicts lead to famine or outbreaks of disease among the civilian population. In addition to those deaths caused directly by violence – for instance those from gunshot or explosions – a significant proportion of lives lost in conflict are indirect, due to disease, starvation or exposure. As we would expect then, the Correlates of War figures are generally lower than the others.

The Correlates of War series aims to include only deaths of military personnel, whereas the other sources capture – at least to some extent – civilian deaths too.
